The University of Tampa Macdonald-Kelce Library

Primary Sources

A guide to assist you with defining and finding primary sources

What is a Primary Source?


A 'primary' source can vary according to discipline.

In historical research, primary sources are original written or physical items created in the time period being studied.  Books or articles that interpret or analyze a primary source are called secondary sources. Secondary sources include critical essays, encyclopedia articles, histories, textbooks, and reviews.

Primary sources (or primary research) in the sciences are original research studies usually found in published articles that include hypotheses, experiments, analyses, data, and a conclusion. Primary research can be found in all scientific fields, including the health sciences, psychology, chemistry, physics, biology, and the like. (See Primary Sources in the Sciences for more information.)

Examples of Primary Sources are:

  • Artifacts
  • Ephemera (theatre programs, leaflets, posters, broadsides, etc.)  
  • Government or Institutional Records
  • Speeches
  • Photographs
  • Diaries
  • Literature (novels, poetry)
  • Maps
  • Correspondence
  • Original Works of Art (plays, manuscripts, paintings, musical compositions, etc.)
  • Original Works of Research (scientific papers, documents of experiments)
  • Newspaper or Magazine articles published at the time under question
  • Personal records


Macdonald-Kelce Library, Archives & Special Collections


Primary sources are often found in an institution's Archives and Special Collections. The Macdonald-Kelce Library's Special Collections are located on the second floor. Here you will find books, photographs, ledgers, university journals, yearbooks, manuscripts, notes, and other ephemera that relate to the history of the University of Tampa and it's Library. Note: We currently have no University Archivist. Special Collections is closed for the time being. Please contact Director Alisha Miles with any questions: mpethe[at]ut[dot]edu.

You can search the Online Catalog for items in Special Collections by clicking "Post Limit" and choosing SPECIAL COLLECTIONS as the Location.

Many books in our general collection are primary sources or contain primary sources in them. Type in your search terms along with "primary sources," "correspondence," "interviews," "diary," or "documents" and you will find books like Women and the national experience : primary sources in American history / [edited by] Ellen Skinner and Theories and documents of contemporary art : a sourcebook of artists’ writings [edited by] Kristine Stiles and Peter Selz.

The library also has a historical collection of digitized student publications including the Minaret, the UT Journal, the Moroccan, and the Insighter Newsletter.

Macdonald-Kelce Library - The University of Tampa - 401 W. Kennedy Blvd. - Tampa, FL 33606 - 813 257-3056 - library@ut.edu - Accessibility